TYPES OF HARDWARE CLASS IX

                 Types of Hardware (chap-2)

1. Hardware- Hardware refers to physical parts of the computer

that can be touched physically. For example monitor, keyboard,

hard drive etc.

2. Classification of Hardware-

     1. CPU (Central Processing Unit)

     2. Memory- A. Primary Memory (Internal Memory)

        a. ROM (Read Only Memory)

         b. RAM (Random Access Memory

     3. Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Memory)

         All Storage devices like hard disk, CD, DVD, pen drive etc.

     4. Input Devices and Output Devices

3. Memory in a Computer System-

a. Main Memory or primary memory or internal memory-

The memory that holds data and instructions during processing.

It is temporary memory.

b. Auxiliary or secondary or external memory-

The memory that can store data or files for later use i.e.

permanently.

4. Units of Memory - Computers store and process data in the form

of binary numbers. A binary number is either a ‘0’ or a ‘1’ and is

known as bit, which is the short form for binary digit.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: -

Q1. Multiple choice questions;-

i. The part of a computer that allows the user to view information

on a screen.

a. Mouse b. RAM c. Monitor d. CPU

ii. This part sends signals to other parts of the computer to tell them what

to do.

a. Keyboard b. Mouse c. Hard disk d. CPU

iii. This memory is for short term storage and is lost when the computer

is turned off.

a. ROM b. RAM c. Hard disk d. CPU

iv. This part allows the user to hear information from the computer.

a. Monitor b. Software c. Input d. Speaker

v. Another name for all the parts of a computer.

a. Monitor b. Software c. Process d. Hardware

Q2. Fill in the blanks-

i. The binary system uses the symbols 0 and 1.

ii. A unit of eight bit memory cell groups is called a…1 byte.

iii. RAM stands for…Random access memory.

iv. A KB in computer terminology is equal to …1024 bytes.

v. Internal storage is also called main memory.

Q3. What are the two types of computer memory?

Ans3. Primary memory and Secondary memory

Q4. Name any four input devices?

Ans4. Mouse, Keyboard, microphone, scanner

Q5. What is the function of memory? What are its measuring units?

Ans5. The memory holds the data and instructions during processing. It is temporary memory. While secondary memory can store data or

files for later use i.e. permanently. Bit, byte, kb, mb, gb etc. are

its measuring units.

Q6. Describe types of hardware used for output. Name two most

common output devices.

Ans6. Output devices are responsible for producing the output in user

readable form. Some common hardware that

are used for output are monitor, printer, speaker, plotter etc.

Q7. Discuss various storage units.

Answer Various storage units are as follows:

1. Hard Disks — Hard disk memories store information on spinning circular platters coated with magnetic material and stacked with space between them. Magnetic heads record tiny magnetic spots on the rotating disk surface to store information.
2. Compact Disks (CDs) — Compact disks (CDs) are optical media with storage capacity up to 700 MB. They come in various forms, such as CDROM (CD-Read Only Memory), CD-R (CD-Recordable), and CD-RW (CD-Rewritable), and are relatively inexpensive.
3. DVDs — DVD is an optical storage device resembling a compact disc but with approximately 15 times more storage capacity and 20 times faster data transfer than a CD-ROM. It can hold up to 17 GB of data. DVDs come in various varieties: DVD-ROM (DVD-Read Only Memory), DVD-R (DVD-Recordable), and DVD-RW (DVD-Rewritable).
4. Pen/Thumb Drives — It uses a memory technology called 'Flash'. Flash is a 'solid state' memory i.e., it has no moving parts. It retains data even when the power is switched off.
5. Blu-Ray disc — Blu-ray is the successor to DVD. It is called Blu-ray because it uses a blue laser to read from and write to the disc. It offers significantly higher data storage in the same 12-centimeter space, with common capacities of 25 GB and 50 GB.
6. Memory Stick — A memory stick is a removable memory card used to store information in devices like digital cameras, smartphones, music players, and portable PlayStations. Capacities range from 4 GBs to 128 GBs.

Q8. There are two types of internal memory in computer system. Name and discuss them.

Answer The two types of internal memory in computer system are as follows:

1. Read Only Memory (ROM) — In this memory, information once stored remains fixed i.e., it cannot be changed. So, ROM can only be read and used. It cannot be changed or written onto.
   Generally, ROM contains a set of start-up instructions i.e., what to do when a computer is turned on. The contents of ROM remain stored even if power is turned off.

2. Random Access Memory (RAM) — The internal memory that can be read from as well as written to is called RAM i.e., Random Access Memory. The random access memory (RAM) is volatile i.e., its contents are lost when power is turned off.

Q9. A veterinary surgery is going to install a new computer system. The vets must choose suitable hardware to use in their practice.

(a) Give three input devices that would be suitable for use in their practice.

(b) Give three output devices that would be suitable for use in their practice.

(c) Give two storage devices that would be suitable for use in their practice.

Answer

(a) Three suitable input devices for the veterinary surgery practice are:

1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Barcode Scanner

(b) Three suitable output devices for the veterinary surgery practice are:

1. Monitor
2. Printer
3. Speakers

(c) Two suitable storage devices for the veterinary surgery practice are:

1. Hard disk
2. Pen drive